How to write a paper (Part 2)

continued from previous..

Introduction must be consise and not to long (average 3-4 paragraph, but sometimes it depends on the length of the manuscript); For better understanding, below are some criteria that can be considered in introduction:

Paragraph 1: State the current issues related with your work (e.g. News-cover or current agenda). Tell a brief story about your raw material used or previous studies.

Paragraph 2: Explain why your raw material are used in the studies (e.g. the mechanism or physical/chemical properties, the accepted range, special features).

Paragraph 3: Suggest the reasonable mixture to obtained a maximum value of efficiency (if any) and give reference from previous studies.

Paragraph 4: State the objectives, analysis or characterization method, parameters (conc, pH, temp, pressure, dope percent etc).

EXPERIMENTAL

In this chapter, the author should list down all the methodology, equipment setting, range, related equations (if theres an equations, please make sure that you give an explanation about the abbrevations or symbols) in past-active tense. Usually, in experimental, the author shouldn't tell any observation happen eventhough it is important. Consider that you didn't expect what will happen (e.g. The solution were shaken using orbital shaker (IKEA, Sweeden) at 300 rpm for 1 hour until the colour changes to brown...wrong).

Try to avoid by adding reference or citation in this chapter. But, you may add them due to some reasons, for example, the process that you're working with is a repeatable/comparison method with slight modifications (e.g. Extraction of ABC plant was done using the extraction method suggested by John et. al [1] with a slight modifications..). The suppliers name and origin of the country must also be write (e.g. ...an exact amount of 1 g potassium perchlorate (Merck)....the FTIR analysis (Perkin Elmer 200, UK) was performed in order to..). The best practise in wrinting this chapter is to divide each analysis in a sub-chapters. This will make the author's job easy while describing the phenomenon in the next chapter (Results and discussion).

to be continued..